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Understanding how health systems function and react can be quite complex. In order to clarify what health systems are, the present working paper describes the six main foundations of a health system: human resources, finance, health information, governance, service delivery and consumables and technology. Then through concrete examples, the authors show how general health systems can contribute to improve the impact of eye care services. Finally, the authors show how health systems have become a crucial determinant of eye care programmes in developing countries and show how health systems research can generate more evidence that will help eye care managers to make informed decisions.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) Secretariat developed a draft action plan for the prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairment using an open consultative process, thereby benefiting from the valuable expertise and diverse experience of the Member States and international partners.

The draft action plan was endorsed at the 124th session of the Executive Board in January 2009. Subsequently, the Sixty-second World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA62.1 Prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairment, endorsing the Action plan for the prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairment. Resolution WHA62.1 also builds on previous related Health Assembly resolutions.

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This briefing paper describes the Vision Centre concept to provide affordable and accessible community level eye care and is based on a submission made to AusAID by the Australian NGO Coalition on Blindness Prevention in Asia-Pacific in August 2008.

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An initial draft, based on prior work of the Refractive Error Working Group, was presented by the International Centre for Eyecare Education to the February 2008 meeting of REPCom and IAPB Board of Trustees in Chittagong, Bangladesh – 2009

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Health, including visual health is inextricably linked to school achievement, quality of life, and economic productivity. Health education in the school setting is of fundamental importance as in acquiring and building knowledge of child and adolescent health, the values, abilities, skills and practices necessary for a healthy life are acquired.

These best practice guidelines were developed by IMPACT-EMR, EMR-IAPB, Prevention of Blindness Union (PBU) and WHO-EMRO offices in 2009 for health care authorities, educational authorities developing eye care programmes at the school, health planners, eye care delivery organizations and professionals.

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